Integrasi microRNA Plasma dan Biomarker Konvensional pada Skrining Kanker Kolorektal
Keywords:
kanker kolorektal, microRNA, biomarker plasma, CEA, FIT, skrining kankerAbstract
Kanker kolorektal (KKR) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama mortalitas akibat kanker di dunia. Tingginya angka kejadian dan mortalitas KKR berkaitan erat dengan keterlambatan diagnosis akibat rendahnya sensitivitas metode skrining konvensional dan rendahnya kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap pemeriksaan invasif seperti kolonoskopi. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, microRNA (miRNA) plasma berkembang sebagai biomarker non-invasif yang menjanjikan untuk deteksi dini KKR. Molekul ini relatif stabil di sirkulasi darah, mudah dideteksi, serta memiliki pola ekspresi spesifik pada kanker. Integrasi miRNA plasma dengan biomarker konvensional seperti fecal immunochemical test (FIT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), dan carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) dilaporkan mampu meningkatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas skrining dibandingkan penggunaan biomarker tunggal. Artikel ini membahas peran miRNA plasma, biomarker konvensional, serta potensi integrasi keduanya dalam meningkatkan efektivitas skrining KKR. Selain itu, dibahas pula tantangan implementasi klinis dan arah pengembangan penelitian di masa depan.
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